LACK OF ATTACHMENT MANIFESTS PROBLEMS WITH ANXIETY AND SELF-ESTEEM OF CHILDREN/ ADOLESCENT

Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby in the 1960s, provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the emotional bonds between children and their primary caregivers, typically the mother. This theory posits that children who experience consistent responsiveness and availability from their caregivers develop a secure attachment, forming a foundational sense of safety that enables them to explore the world confidently. This paper examines the implications of secure and insecure attachment styles on the psychological and emotional development of children, drawing on seminal studies by Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Ainsworth's research on attachment patterns—secure, ambivalent, avoidant, and disorganized highlights the long-term impact of these early relationships on children's behavior and emotional regulation. Secure attachment is associated with positive developmental outcomes, such as higher self-esteem and better social relationships, while insecure attachment can lead to issues like anxiety, behavioral problems, and difficulties in future relationships. The study emphasizes the critical role of maternal sensitivity, the quality of care, and consistent emotional support in fostering healthy attachments. Furthermore, it discusses the potential adverse effects of maternal deprivation, socio-economic challenges, and inadequate caregiving. By integrating empirical research and theoretical insights, this analysis underscores the essential need for nurturing stable and supportive caregiver-child relationships to promote optimal psychological development.