MONITORING HEAVY METALS AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS USING POLLUTION INDICES AND CARTOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION: A CASE STUDY IN KOSOVO

The environmental challenges in Kosovo are intensified by extensive anthropogenic activities, leading to severe pollution. Practices of inadequate waste management also contribute significantly to the degradation of the environment. Water, sediment, and soil are particularly vulnerable to contamination, posing significant environmental threats. This scientific research focuses on evaluating the quality of soil, water, and sediment in Lake Henci. The elements analyzed include Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn, and Fe, with metal determination performed using ICP OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry). The results reveal the presence of pollution in water samples, evident through a comparison of element concentrations against guidelines provided by the EPA and WHO. To assess the pollution level in this region, various indices were calculated, including the Heavy Metal Index (HMI) as a crucial tool for quantifying metal contamination. Additionally, the Contamination Factor (CF) was computed, offering nuanced insights into the overall environmental pollution scenario. The results have been compiled as cartographic products, specifically thematic maps using interpolation methods within the geographic information system with a spatial resolution of 10 meters. Additionally, spatial analyses were conducted to complement this research. Based on our findings, it is evident that sediment and soil samples exhibit concentrations of heavy metals within the normal range. Conversely, water samples display elevated levels of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni. This area needs sustained monitoring to establish comprehensive oversight and regulatory measures.