Literature Review On The Internationalization Of Universities That Form Higher Education Institutions

In today's life, the definition of internationalization is that individuals, institutions operating in various fields, companies and universities that constitute higher education institutions continue their activities in the international arena by exceeding national borders. The internationalization of universities occurs when they operate in an international dimension in the fields of education, research and development activities and services. Student, academic and administrative staff exchange programs, international project collaborations, and foreign language-based education constitute important steps in the internationalization of universities. Universities can increase the level of education through student and academic exchange programs in different countries. It provides positive discrimination in terms of universities reaching the top ranks and recognition in international rankings. Collaborations, projects and academic activities that universities will carry out with their international stakeholders accelerate the knowledge production processes. International students make positive contributions to the institution and the country's economy. The aim of this study is to examine the postgraduate studies conducted in the field of internationalization of universities; to reveal the internationalization process in universities, the difficulties encountered and the suggested solutions. In line with this purpose, the study was designed as a limited literature review covering open access postgraduate theses completed on the internationalization of universities operating in Türkiye. Internationalization is the set of activities carried out by higher education institutions to increase their competitiveness on a global scale, support knowledge sharing and encourage intercultural interaction. In recent years, universities in Türkiye have been making efforts to increase their visibility by implementing the strategies they adopted in accordance with the Higher Education Internationalization Strategy Document (2025) prepared within the framework of the 12th Development Plan of the Republic of Turkey (2023). As a result of this study, it is aimed to suggest strategies that should be implemented against the difficulties experienced in the internationalization processes of our universities, which are representatives of our country in the fields of higher education, education and science.