Artificial Intelligence and International Trade: Global Transformation from the Perspective of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0

Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing a crucial role in reshaping global trade. The digitalisation process, accelerated by Industry 4.0, has led to the widespread use of artificial intelligence-based systems in production, logistics and supply chain management. Artificial intelligence solutions are being used in a wide range of areas, from personalised customer experiences to smart logistics and automated delivery processes on e-commerce platforms. However, this transformation is not only a technology-based innovation but is also evolving towards a human-centred commerce model from a Society 5.0 perspective. This study analyses the impact of artificial intelligence on global markets in the context of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. It first analyses the transformative role of AI in international trade processes, followed by its innovative applications in smart logistics, supply chain management and e-commerce. At the same time, digital inequality, data monopolisation and the impact of AI on the global economy are discussed. Finally, recommendations are made on how trade policy can be shaped by new technologies and how AI can be used effectively for sustainable trade.