On the path to the success of foreign language teaching, assessment plays a crucial role. According to the EF Language Proficiency Index (2021), Türkiye has been regarded as a low proficient country
The global reach of English has resulted in various paradigm shifts including Teaching English as an International Language (TEIL) that encourage a thorough examination of the traditional
This qualitative case study was conducted to observe a language teacher’s motivational changes during face-to-face, hybrid and online classes. In the light of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST),
For the majority of English classrooms, the coursebook is the main instructional material. For some contexts, they are the only source for the students. This makes us have a closer look into the
It is admitted that all walks of life densely depend on the functional employment of technology in the 21st-century competitive world. The lion's share goes to language education since the era of
